Endometrial Biopsy

An endometrial biopsy (EMB) is a procedure performed in your physician’s office to obtain a small sample of the inside lining of the uterus (endometrium). Throughout a woman’s cycle, the lining of the uterus changes under hormonal influence. Early in the menstrual cycle, the lining begins to grow thicker until a mature egg is release from the ovary (ovulation). If fertilization by sperm does not take place, the lining is not needed to nourish a pregnancy, and is therefore shed with the next menstrual period.

Why It Is Done

This procedure is done to help your doctor evaluate abnormalities in the endometrium.

An endometrial biopsy may be done to find the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding or to check for an overgrowth of the lining (endometrial hyperplasia). A common reason to perform an EMB is post-menopausal bleeding.

This biopsy is sometimes done with another procedure called a hysteroscopy. A hysteroscopy allows the physician to directly examine the lining of the uterus using a small, lighted endoscope.

How to Prepare

You should not have this procedure if you think you may be pregnant. It is advised that you take Ibuprofen (Advil) or Acetaminophen (Tylenol) one hour prior to the procedure as some cramping may occur. You should not use tampons, vaginal medications, douche, or have sexual intercourse for at least 24 hour prior to the procedure. Your physician needs to be aware of the medications you are taking, and any allergies or sensitivities you may have. Be sure to mention any blood thinning medications or bleeding disorders that you may have. It is best to have this procedure done right after your menstrual period.